英文講義--連接詞

連接詞( Conjunction)

(一). 對等連接詞(Coordinating Conjunctions):

總類: fanboys (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

用法: 用來連接文法上相同性質的單字、片語或句子。

And
和、且 (連接相同性質單字)	He bought two chairs and a desk. She ate a plate of fried rice and a cup of tea. We jumped and ran in the classroom.
越來越… (表”漸漸”以及”加強語氣”)	The weather is colder and colder. =The weather is getting colder and colder.
連接句子	John is my classmate and his sister is my junior.

But
但是 (連接相同性質的單字，但是  意思卻相反)	I am a teacher but a student. He is not a teacher but a student. The sofa is old but comfortable.
連接句子 (=yet) (句意相反)	She was good at playing basketball, but she was very short. The scooter was very old, but it was expensive.

Or
或是	Would you have tea or coffee? We can travel around Taiwan by car or by bicycle.
否則	Study hard, or you will fail in the exam. Hand in your homework on time, or you will be punished by the teacher.
不是A就是B	Either you or I am a college student. I liked either a hamburger or a sandwich.
不管是A還是B	Sooner or later, they will know the fact. We can speak English more or less.

So
也是… (肯定句中:so要倒裝，too不用倒裝)	Tom is a junior high school student, and so am I. Playing basketball is important, and so is studying English. I like my father, and so does my brother. He can cook well, and so can she.
也是… (否定句中:neither要倒裝，either不用倒裝)	Michael is not busy, and neither is Hank.                    , and Hank isn’t, either. She doesn’t like English, and neither do I.                          , and I don’t, either. They can’t run fast, and neither can we.                     , and we can’t, either.
因此、所以 (because和so不可以同時使用)	My mother is busy, so I always help her after school. It rains a lot, so we stay at home. Peter is sick, so he takes a sick leave.

l  so…that…(如此…以致於…)是附屬(從屬)連接詞，我們等等會說。

Nor
也不… (nor 後面的句子要倒裝)	He doesn’t like soda, nor does she. We don’t catch the train, nor do they. She missed the bus, nor did I (catch it).

For
因為 (跟because一樣。但是! For 只能放在句中使用。)	It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now. It must be raining, for I see people carrying umbrellas. He is adept at basketball, for he has long arms and fingers.

補充說明:相關連接詞

Either A nor B
不是A就是B 1. 2選1的概念 2. 動詞跟著B	Either you or he makes this mistake. I ate either rice or noodles for my lunch. You had to see her or phone her.

Neither A or B
AB都不是 1. 以上皆非的概念 2. 動詞跟著B	Neither you nor I am interested in Chemistry and Math. I like neither English nor Math. You neither surf the Net nor play the computer games.

Not only A but (also) B
不但A而且B   1. 兩個都是的概念，但是重點在B 2. 動詞跟著B	Not only you but also I am punished by our homeroom teacher. I like not only Math but also English. Mr. Brown can use not only spoons but also chopsticks. Mr. Brown can not only use the chopsticks but also make them.

Both A and B
既A又B 1. 兩個都是的概念 2. 動詞用複數動詞	Both you and he have a good chance of getting the job. Doing exercise is good both for your health and for your mind.

A as well as B
不但A而且B (動詞跟著A) 和 (=and)	He gave me money as well as advice. = He gave me not only money but also advice. I as well as you am tall. The mother as well as her children was ill.

(二). 附屬(從屬)連接詞(Subordinating Conjunctions):

總類:時間、原因、條件、結果、目的、讓步

用法: 主詞+動詞 連接詞 主詞+動詞  (S+V 連 S+V)

      連接詞 主詞+動詞，主詞+動詞  (連 S+V, S+V)

例句: I can play basketball because I am tall.

      Because I am tall, I can play basketball.

Tip: 附屬連接詞後面的句子先翻譯 J

表時間的附屬連接詞

When=As
當…的時候 (用於動作瞬間: 用一般動詞)	I was happy when I heard the news. She visited the museum when she was in England. When he heard the bad news, he almost fainted.

附註: (高中)

When I come tomorrow, I will return the book.

When子句若表未來，不可使用will，應用現在是代替未來式。

While=As
當…的時候 (用於動作的連續: 用動名詞)	I am watching TV while my mother is cooking. The phone rang while I am taking a bath. It began to rain while we were walking in the park.

Until
直到	I will stay here until you come back. I waited for him until the store closed.
Not…until…
直到…才…	I didn’t go to bed until it was twelve p.m. I won’t leave until it stops raining. Until you told me, I have no idea of it.

After/Before
After	He went to bed after he (had) turned off the light. After I eat breakfast, I go to school.
Before	I (had) slept four hours before he came. Before I go to school, I eat breakfast.

附註:

注意其時間的先後順序。若為過去式，注意過去式與過去分詞間的搭配使用。

(過去分詞是過去式的過去式)

Since
自從 主詞 + 現在完成式 since 主詞 + 過去V since 主詞 + 過去V, 主詞 + 現在完成式	She has been ill since she came home yesterday morning. Since I was five years old, I have studied English. Five years have passed since we met in the compus.

附註: (高中)

Since 可以當作”因為”解釋，與because用法一樣。

例句:

Since you help me a lot, I can finish my homework.

Since the weather is sunny, we can go travel.

Once
一旦	Once you take the medicine, you will have a serious side effect. Once you understand this rule, you will have no more difficulty. = As soon as you understand this rule, you will have no more difficulty. = If you once understand this rule, you will have no more difficulty.

As soon as
一…就…	As soon as she saw her mother, the baby cried out. He jumped as soon as he heard the good news. As soon as the teacher step into the classroom, all of our classmates are silent.

Every time
每次都…(只用於句首)	Every time I came to Taipei, my friends always treat me. Every time I went to her house, she was out.

附註: (高中)

Every time S. + V., S. + V. ====   Whenever S. + V., S. + V.

表原因的附屬連接詞

Because
因為 (because和so不可以連用) l  補充: because of I am late for school because of my oversleeping. Because of the good weather, let’s go for a picnic. Because of your poor health, you should not stay up.	I am late for school because I overslept. Because the weather is so good, let’s go for a picnic. Because you were in poor health, you should not stay up.

附註:

Since與Because的用法相同。

For也可當因為解釋，但只能放置於句中。

表條件的附屬連接詞

If
假如(條件句) 附註: (高中) If = provided (that) = providing (that)    = supposed (that) = supposing (that)	If it rains, the party will be held outdoors. He will buy this book if he has lots of money. She will marry him if he buys the villa.
Unless = if…not…
除非…否則	Unless it rains, the party will be held outdoors. The infant will never cry unless he is hungry. You will not pass the exam unless you study hard.
As long as
只要	As long as you finish this project on time, you can get off duty early. I will lend you my bicycle as long as you lend me your computer.

附註: if為假設語氣，其中包含條件句(國中)、與現在、過去相反的假設、未來不可能發生的假設、萬一等(高中)，另闢章節討論。

表結果的附屬連接詞

So…that…
如此…以致於… (so + adj./adv. + that …) (so + adj. + 單N +that …) (so + many/few + 複N + that…       Much/little + 不可數N + that…)	English is so easy that everyone likes it. Ivan is so tall that he can play basketball well. She is so good a girl that everybody likes her. I made so many mistakes that I failed the exam. There is so little time that we cannot finish the work today.
Such…that…
如此…以致於… (such + adj. + N. + that …)  可單N 或 複N	He is such a kind man that everyone likes him. They are such smart boys that they can solve the question. He can speak such good English that he can travel around the world. I have so much homework that I can’t finish in an hour.

表目的的附屬連接詞

So that/ in order that
為了…(放置於句中)	He studies hard so that he can pass the Entrance Exam. She gets up early in order that she can catch the school bus. I go on a diet so that I can lose weight.
In order to VR
為了… (非連接詞，而是不定詞。至於句首或是句中皆可。通常省略其in order。)	In order to pass the exam, he studies hard. She gets up early in order to catch the school bus. To lose weight, I go on a diet.

表示讓步的附屬連接詞

Although/Though
雖然…但是… (although與but不可連用! 但可以用yet和still來加強語氣。)	Although he is short, he can play basketball well. Although we are poor, we are happy. Although I am very tired, I still try my best to do it. Although I do not like English, yet I finish my homework on time.
Even if/Even though
即使、儘管	Even if he is poor, she still loves him. You have another chance even if you fail this time. Even though the work is hard, I enjoy it. I like the job even though the pay is bad.

(三). 準連接詞: 事實上準連接詞是副詞，而並非連接詞。因此並無連接句子的功能。

用法: 主詞 + 動詞; 準連接詞, 主詞 + 動詞  (S + V; 準連, S + V)

      主詞 + 動詞, and 準連接詞 主詞 + 動詞  (S + V, and 準連 S + V)

      準連接詞, 主詞 + 動詞  (準連, S + V)

     

（1） 因此；結果︰as a result, consequently, as a consequence, in consequence, hence,

therefore, thus, accordingly

例句:

He was sick; as a result, he took a sick leave.(請病假)

I was late for the class. Consequently, I didn’t have enough time to eat breakfast.

He is so thirty, and therefore he buy a can of soda.

The weather is colder and colder. Thus, we have to wear a jacket.

（2） 此外︰in addition, additionally, besides, furthermore, moreover, what's more

例句:

Michael Jordan is a basketball player; in addition, he is a baseball player.

Michael Jordan is a basketball player. In additionally, he is a baseball player.

Riding a bike is a good exercise; moreover, it does not pollute the air.

She is a lazy person; furthermore, she always makes some stupid mistakes.

（3） 然而︰however, nevertheless 

例句:

B&J Café had been known as the tallest building in town. However, O&G Restaurant

became the tallest building in 2010.(103會考)

She was angry; nevertheless, she finally listen to me.

（4） 換言之︰that is, that is to say, namely, in other words

例句:

Namely, unity is strenghth.

John is the best student in his class. In other words, he is better than any other student in his class.  

（5） 同樣地︰likewise, similarly, in the similar way

例句:

The food here tastes terrible; likewise, the service is awful.

附註: likewise = in addition 、moreover、furthermore (而且、也)

He is too young to get married. Likewise, he is jobless and can’t even support himself.

（6） 相反地︰instead, on the contrary, by(in) contrast

例句:

You fail the test. On the contrary, you should study more diligently.

By contrast, Peter is much franker.